Упровадження дуальної освіти в професійній (професійно-технічній) освіті

Abstract

Проаналізовано характеристики дуальної освіти, узагальнено сутність поняття «дуальна освіта», визначено переваги дуальної форми навчання. Проаналізовано нормативно-правову базу дуальної освіти в Україні та подано коротку характеристику основних документів. Здійснено соціологічне дослідження щодо визначення стану професійної освіти та готовності суб’єктів освітньої діяльності до впровадження дуальної освіти. Встановлено, що визначальною ідеєю дуальної освіти є тісна залежність системи П(ПТ)О від ринку праці та роботодавців, її функціонування на основі соціального партнерства. Для впровадження дуальної освіти необхідно вдосконалити матеріально-технічну базу, покращити методики навчання, налагодити співпрацю між закладом освіти та роботодавцем.

Introduction. Nowadays the essential problem of professional (vocational) education in Ukraine is a deep gap between the theoretical knowledge students gain in an educational institution and the scope of practical skills expected by would-be employers and the labor market. Educational institutions of professional (vocational) education face the prior objective – to construct a new model of vocational training that would enable overcoming the gap mentioned and ensure human resources vocational quality. The problem can be solved by implementing the system of dual education combining theoretical and practical training in the educational process. The advantage of dual education is to ensure a high percentage of graduates' employment, since they fully meet the requirements of the employer. Training organized in this way will be corresponded mostly the demands of enterprises. Purpose. To substantiate the necessity of dual education implementation in educational institutions of professional (vocational) training. Methods. The following methods were used in the process of our studies: analysis of scientific and methodological, psychological and pedagogical literature, legal documents, Internet resources concerning the problem of our investigation; questionnaire and results interpretation in quantitative indicators and charts. Results. The essential characteristics of dual education are analyzed, the essence of the concept of "dual education" is generalized, the advantages of the dual form of education are determined. The normative legal base of dual education in Ukraine is analyzed and a brief overview of the main documents is represented. Some certain sociological studies of the state of vocational education and the readiness of educational activity process participants to implement dual education have been done. Originality. The analysis of the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of professional (vocational) education has been analyzed and the factors actualizing the need of dual education implementation are determined. Conclusion. Dual education («Duales Studium») is considered as a combined model of vocational training organization that implies specialists’ prior practical training in the workplace and theoretical training – within vocational educational institutions. The central idea of dual education is the close of the system of vocational training dependence on the labor market and would-be employers, its functioning on the social partnership basis. To implement dual education successfully is to improve the material and technical basis (logistics), upgrade teaching methods, start close collaboration of the educational institution and the would-be employer.