Естетичне виховання учнів на уроках української літератури у науково-методичній спадщині Н. Й. Волошиної

Abstract

У статті на основі аналізу науково-методичних праць Ніли Волошиної окреслено проблему естетичного виховання учнів засобами мистецтва слова на уроках української літератури. Акцентується увага на особливостях уроку літератури як дослідженні мистецтва слова й естетичного виховання молодших підлітків, формування у них умінь і навичок естетично оцінювати художні твори.

The most important directions of scientific and practical activities of Nila Yosypivna Voloshyna aimed at improving literary education in schools in Ukraine are analyzed in the article. The attention is focused on the features of literature lesson which realize aesthetic education of pupils. On the basis of scientific and methodical works of Nila Voloshyna the problem of aesthetic education of junior teenagers is outlined by means of the art of word at lessons of Ukrainian literature. Analysis of the scientific and methodical heritage of N. Y. Voloshyna led to the conclusion that the scientist emphasized on the shaping of pupils’ skills to perceive the aesthetic value of a literary work, to think, to compare, to substantiate, to analyze, to evaluate, to draw conclusions on the basis of the facts of life and previously read works of art. Objectives of literary education the Methodist saw in the development of pupils' artistic taste, interest in books, in educating reading culture, in forming of emotional perception and understanding of the art of word. N. Y. Voloshina convincingly argued that at each stage of the lesson it is important to develop thoughts of children, their feelings and emotions, to make moral, ethical and aesthetic education, to form the ability to understand and evaluate the artwork. In the scientific and methodical works, publications in periodicals Nila Yosypivna emphasized the value of teachers' and pupils' skills to perceive sensually and recognize the beauty, artistry and perfection of art forms, harmony of reality, to love poetry, good and beautiful in life and art. The questions of moral and aesthetic education define the principles of training and selecting of methodical receptions, used by the teacher in classroom and in extracurricular activities. Methods and techniques for working with text of the artwork at lessons of Ukrainian literature are analyzed in the article. In the opinion of Nila Yosypivna, they should be used for the development and improvement the pupils’ abilities of 5 – 6 classes to perceive aesthetically, to analyze and evaluate the artworks.