У статті розкрито проблему аналізу художнього твору. Відзначено, що літературознавчий аналіз – це аналіз художніх елементів літературного твору в їх взаємодії в історико-літературному контексті з метою ідейно-естетичного осмислення художнього твору як цілого. Визначено, що вчителю-словеснику для успішного аналізу необхідно знати складники твору й систему понять і термінів для означення, вдало поєднувати два аспекти - форму і зміст. Окреслено традиційні види літературознавчого аналізу (біографічний, стилістичний, філологічний, компаративний) та обґрунтовано специфічні (контекстуальний, інтертекстуальний, асоціативний, емоційний).
The article reveals the opinions of literary critics on the problem of analysis of a literary work. In the article the definition of "analysis" is outlined as a logical procedure, which is based on dismemberment of a literary work on the components.
The author defines literary analysis as the analysis of artistic elements of a literary work in their interaction in the historical and literary context with the aim of ideological and aesthetic understanding of the artwork as a whole. For a successful analysis the students should be familiar with the components of the artwork and the system of concepts for the definition, and be able to successfully combine two aspects: form and content. The views by M. Hirshman, A. Tkachenko, V. Marko and other scientists at the problem of a successful combination the components of form and content in the analysis are investigated there. It is proved that successful literary analysis requires mastering toolkit, types and methods of implementation. First of all you need to know the components and system of concepts of the literary work for definition.
The publication distinguishes traditional forms of literary analysis (biographical, stylistic, philological, comparative, etc.) and specific (contextual, intertextual, emotional and associative). The researcher selects innovative principles of analysis of the artwork: the principle of unity of content and form, historicism and consistency. The modern approaches of the literary scholars to define the principles of a holistic analysis of a literary work are considered. The author proves that the urgent task today is adaptation to the most interesting school traditional and modern forms of analysis.
