У статті розглядається акцентологія в історичному та синхронічному аспектах. Автор звертає увагу на те, що вивчення наголосу як суперсегментної одиниці мови та основних просодичних характеристик слова ґрунтується на історії української акцентології від старослов'янської до нової української мови.
Проаналізовано найбільш поширені аспекти акцентологічного дослідження в системі та структурі української мови та лінгвістики - функціональний та структурний.
The article deals with accentology in historical and synchronized aspects. The author points out that learning the stress as suprasegmental unit of the language and main prosodic characteristics of the word based on the Ukrainian accentology history from the Old Slavonic era to the nowadays new Ukrainian language.
The paper is stressed that in the XXI century accentology acquires the features of independent linguistic science with the object of study – language levels of the language system; the subject – stress its types, functions and accentology structural language level. The basic concepts and terms of accentology during its development are: accentology, accent, stress, acute accent, akute’s intonation, circumflex, hrafis, accent paradigm, accentology type, accent versions. The article describes that accentology is connected with language education which should learn the accentology competence of pupils and students in the general Ukrainian communication.
The author mentions about definition of accentology as a science that studies nature, typology, types, functions, stress system in diachronic and synchronic aspects and in conjunction with the prosodic means (tempo, timbre, rhythm, tone, melody, volume, sound duration, pauses’ placement in speech, intonation), is a basis of expressive speech.
The features accentuation of words in Ukrainian language such as: stressing the words of variable and fixed stress; variant stressing; stressing the complex words; stressing foreign language vocabulary; attraction, interference and dialect in the stressing system; stressing the words with aim to distinguish their meaning are defined in the paper.
Such reasons of accentuation infraction as the remains of archaic stressing; the influence of other languages and dialects; author’s freedom, lack of speakers’knowledge about the system of literary stress; there are two principles of variable accent –morphological and phonetic; accent variability are noted in the article.
The author writes about the most common aspects of accentology research in the system and structure of the Ukrainian language and linguistics – functional and structural.
